Coffee is believed to have originated in Ethiopia, where legend has it that a goat herder named Kaldi discovered the coffee bean after noticing that his goats became more energetic after eating the berries from a certain tree. The cultivation and consumption of coffee spread to the Arab world, where it became an integral part of the culture. By the 15th century, coffee was being cultivated in the Arabian Peninsula. The coffee plant, scientifically known as Coffea, produces coffee beans. There are several species of coffee plants, but the two most commercially important ones are Arabica and Robusta. The coffee bean is actually the seed of the coffee fruit, commonly referred to as a coffee cherry. There are various types of coffee beverages, ranging from simple black coffee to elaborate espresso-based drinks. Common styles include Americano, cappuccino, latte, and macchiato. Different brewing methods, such as drip brewing, espresso, French press, and pour-over, contribute to the diverse flavors and strengths of coffee. Moderate coffee consumption has been associated with various health benefits, including improved cognitive function, antioxidant properties, and a potential reduction in the risk of certain diseases. However, excessive consumption may have negative effects, and individual responses to caffeine can vary.
